Is American Patriotism Also Blind Patriotism? Essay examples -- Americ

It seems that patriotism is one of the most common terms used during times of war. Governments often use propaganda about nationalism to advocate their political views of the hostilities. Sometimes they even force patriotism on their constituents with fear-mongering techniques, which can have dangerous implications. That’s not to say that patriotism is inherently bad—many wars have been won for just causes because of it. However, it is a mistake to only think of war at a national level. There are devastating effects on the soldiers, families, and victims of war hostilities. The stories read this week discuss the struggle between concern for macro-society (patriotism) and micro-society (family/personal interests) during war. While no narrative completely rejects the idea of macro-society, they clearly emphasize the greater importance of micro-society and the consequences of patriotism. â€Å"Loyalties† is the first story which discusses the concept of macro and micro-society. It centers on a family living in an African village during the Nigerian civil war. The father and schoolmaster seem to be the most loyal characters from the beginning, as they are large supporters of the new Biafra. However, by the end of the tale they have switched their allegiances back to Nigeria. Their perspectives clearly reflect the bigger concept of the macro-society. There is an element of humor in the way they switch so drastically from one side to the next. The mother, on the other hand, represents concern for the micro-society, because she only cares about the tasks of everyday life. The tone of the story clearly favors the mother’s perspective. After all, she is the only character whose loyalties remain true throughout the entire story, and the author pokes fun at the politics of the men. Even the mother sees the humor in it all, telling her son, â€Å"Go and collect the goat†¦after all he is now a Biafran goat so we must take better care of it† (144). At the conclusion of this story it is apparent that the concept of macro-society during war has certain limitations and weaknesses, which can greatly impact the individuals and families involved. Just as â€Å"Loyalties† discusses the flaws of patriotism, â€Å"Peace and War† explains the failings of micro-society. It depicts two men who go to war every day and treat it as business. They are casual about their job because the war is at a ... ...e and honor when they are far from the field of battle, as this girl is. Yet when there are personal ties, it is much harder to accept the concept, just as Biyumi struggles with his sense of nationalism. Although many of these stories have specific settings and historical significance, they also speak to today’s world. We have seen a great shift toward patriotism in the years following the attacks of September 11, 2001. It would be wrong not to respect the soldiers who have fought bravely for the United States since that time, just as it was wrong for the wife in â€Å"Peace and War† to underestimate the dangers around her. However, we must also honor the micro-society, both here and in other parts of the world. Will our actions as a nation lead our soldiers into traumatic situations like the soldier in â€Å"An Easy Death†? Or will we consider the families and communities involved, saving ourselves from micro-societal damage? I only hope that we can learn from stories such as these and not take our â€Å"blind† patriotism too far. Works Cited Global Cultures. A Transnational Short Fiction Reader, ed. by Elisabeth Young-Bruehl (University Press of New England, Hanover and London, 1994)

The Modern Marine NCO Today

Today’s Marine NCO has changed over the years from the past Marine NCO. An NCO today takes the knowledge from their senior NCO’s that was passed down to them and help shape the Jr. Marine today. Having respect goes a long way with Marine NCO’s but how can that be achieved if the NCO doesn’t show any themselves? A Marine NCO is like a father figure in a way, teaches junior marine what he/she needs to know in order to better themselves and make good decisions so that one day when he/she becomes and NCO they can look back and be like my NCO when I was a troop taught me and show me what it takes to be a NCO. NCO’s gain knowledge and wisdom from their seniors but also gain knowledge for their jourior marines and make themselves better. The NCO from the past was more about odering and not listening to their marines which made the Marines under their charge hate their NCO as of to now and days the NCO takes time to listen to their Marines and properly take care of their needs. As a Marine NCO, we have to set standards for others to emulate and strive to be the best and surpass their leaders. A Marine NCO is there for his/her Marines from the smallest minute problem back in the rear to being on the fron lines and helping their Marine in a battle situation. A jounior Marine will trust and respect his fellow NCO(s) if that Marine NCO takes time to understand them and help them in their situation.

African Americans And The Civil War - 971 Words

After the civil war African Americans hoped that the world they lived in would be an equal one; little did they know they had more struggles to conquer. Three major amendments were passed to provide African Americans with equality; the 13th amendment officially and finally put an end to slavery and any future involuntary servitude, the 14th amendment states that colored men and women were given citizenship, and the 15th amendment gave black men the right to vote. Although these amendments were passed, people in the south found a way to go around and make living for colored people hard and unequal. They did this by passing the Jim Crow laws. Jim crows allowed segregation in anything possible, this made it hard for blacks to easily visit public places, live in certain areas and one of the major topics, schools. Brown v. the board of education was a widely discussed case; many people referred this case back to an earlier court decision, Plessy v. Ferguson. Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 was an U.S. Supreme Court case supported segregation under the â€Å"separate but equal† policy. It came from an 1892 incident in which an African-American train passenger, Homer Plessy, refused to sit in a Jim Crow car. At the time this was a Louisiana law he was breaking. Dismissing Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were violated, the Court came to the conclusion that a state law that â€Å"implies merely a legal distinction† between whites and blacks did not clash with the 13th and14thShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Civil War1076 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history African Americans have had is bad in the United States. First they went through slavery which lasted about two hundred year and was ended around the Civil War which was in the 1860s-1870s. Next after they went through slavery they went through the law of Jim Crow that started after the Civil War which stated, â€Å"Separate but Equal†, and that was not the case because African Americans were still treated as second class citizens. After about ninety years around the 1960s Dr. MartinRead MoreAfrican Americans and the Civil War774 Words   |  4 PagesEssay African Americans and the Civil War Slavery affected many of the political reasons that contributed to causing the Civil War in 1961. Most in the Northern states including President Lincoln were more concerned with preserving the Union rather than fighting for the freedom of all. On the other hand the South fought to preserve what they believed to be absolute state rights. However the overall goals of the war were altered significantly by the willingness of African Americans during war. ThisRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1449 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the Civil War began, they wanted to take part in fighting to free all slaves. At the end of the civil war passed the civil rights act that gave citizenship to people that are born in the united states, years later African American men were given the right to vote. This might give equal rights but African Americans are still being discriminated. Almost century later, African Americans are still being discriminated. They got jobs and their kids go to school, but more notice that it wasn t rightRead MoreThe Civil War On African Americans Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe years preceding the Civil War were monstrous for African Americans located in the South of the country. Northerners and Southerners would argue that their visions of how society is structured is the right way and should be expanded throughout the nation. Southerners claimed that slavery is okay, and it’s a positive labor system. On the contrary, Northerners claim that laborers should be paid by wage, men should have equal opportunities, and slaves should gain freedom. The four most significantRead MoreAfrican American And The Civil War876 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1865, when the civil war ended in America and slavery was abolished, the African American population in the South faced many challenges related to their new found freedom. Following the pos t-Civil War Reconstruction period, white supremacy resurfaced in the South (AE Television, 2015). Beginning in the early 1900s through 1970 there was a mass exodus of African American s from South to North America. Although some African American s were known to have moved from the South as early as 1850Read MoreThe Civil War Of African Americans1010 Words   |  5 Pagescentury. For an African American, the word â€Å"life† evolved from a word that meant absolutely nothing, to a word that stood for an individual’s highest commodity. After the civil war, emancipation for slaves transformed from a dream to a reality. Although the civil war finally ended in 1865 after four years of fighting, certain citizens and groups across the nation still remained in a state if disagreement with the freedom granted to African Americans. The years after the civil war revolutionizedRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1309 Words   |  6 PagesIn the summer of 1619, the fir st Africans were brought to Jamestown, Virginia not to live as free settlers but as subordinate slaves. They worked strenuously for Whites, who considered themselves superior to Africans, without much benefit. Racism is not just the belief that one race is superior to others, but the act of negatively identifying individuals based on the color of their skin. Attributing race to individual character has proven to have negative implications that are difficult to mend.Read MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1540 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical backdrop of the United States, African Americans have dependable been victimized. When Africans first came to America, they had no choice but to be slaves. The progressed toward becoming slaves to the rich, covetous, lethargic Americans. African Americans had given no compensation and regularly whipped and beaten. They battled for their opportunity, yet when the Civil War came African Americans had this logic that if they were to join the Ci vil War they could liberate all slaves. HoweverRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War859 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery, predominately in the American South, African-Americans were finally set free from bondage. The fourteenth and fifteenth amendments quickly followed, granting citizenship to â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the United States† and granting African American men the right to vote, respectively. Naturally, Americans denoted these momentous legislative feats, collectively packaged as the Reconstruction Amendments, as a means of celebration for African-Americans. However, in order to rectifyRead MoreAfrican Americans in the Civil War1971 Words   |  8 PagesAnderson HIST 3060 February 25, 13 African Americans and the Civil War The role African Americans played in the outcome, and the road to the outcome of the Civil War was immense. The fact that the south had slaves and the north did not played an enormous role in the issues. The north wanted to abolish slavery, and the south did not and after the war started this became one of the main reasons for the Civil War. Since most African Americans could not read or write, this made them an easy

Analysis Of Theodor W. Adorno s The - 808 Words

about the world around us, even just for a moment. This boldly claims a kind of autonomy for art, but one that is distinct from Theodor W. Adorno’s conception and more in-line with the affirmative notions the aesthetic impulse. As such, the kind of aesthetics that I am eluded to here is not just a state of contemplation. It is much more. As Cramerotti describes in his aforementioned essay, ‘it is rather the capacity of an art form to put our sensibility in motion, and convert what we feel about nature and the human race into a concrete (visual or bodily) experience’. It is useful to introduce Deleuze’s categories of the ‘actual’ and the ‘virtual’ and put them into motion. In his 1968 text ‘Difference and Repetition’, Deleuze explains that ‘the virtual is not opposed to the real; it possesses a full reality by itself. The process it undergoes is actualisation. It would be wrong to see only a verbal despite here: it is a question of existence itself’. Deleuze’s category of the ‘virtual’, the realm of affects and Paterson’s documents of darkness are united in their intangibility and their capacity to move the spectator beyond the familiar. Collectively, these forces harness the ability to transport the viewer to another time and place. In his 1992 text ‘Chaosmosis: An Ethico-Aesthetic Paradigm’, Guattari describes this capacity as an ‘ethico-aesthetic’ paradigm, which pertains to subjectivity as well as art. He argues that ‘new complexes of subjectivation become possible’Show MoreRelatedRelevance of Adornos Philosophy within Todays Culture of Popular Music841 Words   |  3 PagesTheodor W. Adorno, a German philosopher, claimed that popular music is a product of industrialisation within his critique of mass culture. Adorno contended in his criticism that ‘the same thing is offered to everybody by the standardised production of consumption goods which is concealed under the manipulation of taste and the official cultures pretence of individualism’1. Adorno’s theory has come under scrutiny by scholars over time as a result of notable flaws. Roy Shuker states in UnderstandingRead Moredsfsdsfs4469 Words   |  18 Pagespiece of writing written from an author s personal point of view, but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article and a short story. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g. Alexander Pope s An Essay on Criticism and An Essay on Man)Read MoreMetropolis And Mental Life By Georg Simmel2554 Words   |  11 Pagesthe personality of the individual, which creates the meaning of being human. (Yengoyan) Furthermore, an article by Thomas S. Korllos titled â€Å"Uncovering Simmel’s Forms and Social Types in Social Settings† discusses the formal theories of Simmel. Korllos states that Simmel begins with the idea of various forms of interaction as the basis for social inquiry. Through formal analysis, features and social phenomena are extracted from experiences. These social structures are then isolated from the contentRead MoreThe Sociology Of Knowledge5656 Words   |  23 PagesSociolog~of Knowledge and its Consciousness The Sociology of Knowledge and Its Consciousness t 1 By Theodor W. Adorno Robert Merton, C. WrightMills et al. repeatedly complained that the sociology of knowledge failed to solve its centralproblem of specifying the nexus between social and cognitive structures. Nonetheless, this field has remained limited to techniques of content analysis and correlation studies whilefailing to explain these categories and correlations other than by recourse tofunctionalistRead More Transcending Herbert Marcuse on Alienation, Art and the Humanities4411 Words   |  18 Pagesto theorize our society critically if we are to have a vehicle for correctly informed transformative practice. The problem is that much of what is called critical theory today is rooted in ideas developed by Herbert Marcuse, Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, and Georg Lukacs. What I want to argue here is that their work has tended to formulate a particular approach to aesthetic educationand a unique version of a philosophical humanismwhich is then presented as critical theoryagainst the debilitatingRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 PagesMarx’s economic theories as such: we shall confine our discussion to their methodological premises and implications. It will in any case be obvious to the reader that the present writer upholds the validity of their content. Secondly, a detailed analysis of Rosa Luxemburg’s thought is necessary because its seminal discoveries no less than its errors have had a decisive influence on the theories of Marxists outside Russia, above all in Germany. To some extent this influence persists to this day. ForRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the

Essay on compare and contrast visions and values - 1314 Words

In this essay I will aim to compare and contrast two case studies in terms of the visions and values of health they demonstrate. To do this I will look at the examples of the case studies we have looked at, these were of Brain and Samuel both have type 2 diabetes with similar age and their own set of life stresses. This will draw on the contrasts between the biomedical model and the social model within healthcare. The biomedical model is focused on the body, not the person. The Social model is focused on the person as a whole and letting the individual self-manage their condition.†¨ When we look at both case studies provided, we start to see that both promote two different types†¦show more content†¦Brian has now been told by the doctor he needs to monitor his blood sugar levels for the next month in which he cant do on his own. So, he could also feel an increase in severity of his condition as hes taking more medication and will have to come back in a months time. Samuel is offered support to help him self-manage his condition and his doctor offering him leaflets and information about groups and offered him to go see the nurse about self care routines and healthy eating. He leaves the surgery feeling relived, supported and free of concern after talking to his GP. Brian leaves feeling worried, he feels he should have mentioned his move to the doctor but he feels as though his GP is authoritative and his feelings are irrelevant. He knows he has no support from the nurses until two weeks time when he moves in and feels pressure for his blood sugar levels to improve otherwise he will have to get insilin injections. As we can see the approaches from the doctors leaves the patient feeling differently when leaving the surgery. Brains case study demonstrates he was being treated using the Biomedical model. This is considered to be the dominant and the modern way for health care professionals to diagnose and treat a condition in most Western cultures but It does not account for psychological factors that could have a role in the illness. InShow MoreRelatedAll The King s Men By Robert Penn Warren889 Words   |  4 Pageshim. The insight that this book gives on politician life’s can compare and contrast history events thought the different themes like visions of America, alcohol, politics, and education. To begin, the theme of the visions of America is used to compare and constant history events. The U.S. s history of slavery continues to trouble generations of Americans and impacts Americans view of themselves. The book questions how a hopeful vision of America is possible with such a bad past. For all the potentialRead MoreComparing The Roles Of Shared Vision, Values, And Actions912 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the roles of shared vision, values, and actions in change leadership. Shared Vision: Creating a clear and effective shared vision delivers many benefits to one’s organization. Not only does a clear, shared vision helps define the values of the organization and its employees, it also helps guide the behavior of employees. A strong shared vision improves productivity and efficiency. In a change leadership process, shared vision serves 3 important purposes: â€Å"It clarifies theRead MoreLean Enterprise Organization Application Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagesimprove the salon at which I work are: 1) identifying value from the client’s perspective, and 2) mapping the value of stream for our services. It is imperative that we listen to our clients and pay attention to what they consider important, if we would like to retain them. The majority of our customers are pleased with our services and prices. Given this fact, I still believe that if we survey them, we might find that there are additional value-added services that they would appreciate which wouldRead MoreWelch vs. Sanders: A Comparative and Contrast Essay 1129 Words   |  4 Pagesgoals. They’re also responsible for setting the image of the workplace and presenting the vision of the organization to both their employees and their customers. It’s their job to make the tough decisions and stand by them no matter how difficult they may seem. Managers do with b y way of their managing style which explains exactly how a certain manager runs things. In this essay we’re going to compare and contrast two managers who’ve gained fame through their pioneering managing styles and have beenRead MoreThe Importance Of A Good Mission Statement1249 Words   |  5 Pagesmission statement? A mission statement defines every facet of the organization and why they exist (Forest, Fred Meredith, 2014). A bad mission statement uses jargon, it s too long, complicated and it does not communicate why, how and what. In contrast, a good mission statement is a powerful, straightforward, and memorable. The foundation for a mission statement to nurture an emotional bond with customers and written from a customer perspective (Forest, Fred Meredith, 2014). In addition, missionRead MoreCharacteristics of Managers and Leaders1568 Words   |  6 Pagesdirection or vision for a group, leaders are usually the spearhead of the new direction. Therefore, leade rship can generally be regarded as getting people to follow you to attain a common vision. In contrast, management is described as the ability and process to exercise administrative, supervisory, and executive direction of an organization, group, or team. Actually, management basically controls or directs people and resources in a particular team based on the established values and principlesRead MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast Select Leadership Theories1455 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast of Select Leadership Models Leadership comes in different forms and in different aspects of life from private business to government entities (Wren, 1995, p. 5). The models of leadership used are dependent upon the individual attributes of the leaders, for example traits, values, self-identity, skills, and competencies (Yukl, 2013, p. 136). A close look at select leadership models and how they compare and contrast with each other provides insight into the types of leadershipRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Western Medicine Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast: Advantages/Disadvantages Western Medicine Using these medications offers a great advantage, as they work to treat the pathophysiological problem and are also individualized to the type of seizure. The disadvantages of these medications are that they have to be reduced over a six to twelve week period to prevent rebound seizure activity or adverse effects (Adams Urban, 2016). Complementary and Alternative Medicine The advantage of CAM therapy is that it is a more natural wayRead MoreComparing Marxist Tradition With French Tradition847 Words   |  4 Pagessignificantly with key features of all three traditions (Levine 212), and while he did identify with all three, the French Tradition seemed to mesh with Marx more than the other two traditions. The Marxist Tradition, and the French Tradition compare and contrast due to their similar views of â€Å"perfect† society, politics, and freedom within a society. The idea of a â€Å"perfect† society sounds grand, but according to Karl Marx this was impossible, unless we have reached the end of history. According toRead MoreLeadership Style And Its Impact On The Culture Of Each Organization Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesand the impact of its mission and/or vision statement. Many leadership models focus on the needs of the organization, such as production, competition, technology and management. The organizations mission statement broadly defines its vision and establishes the structure for values and principles to guide employees. In addition, the objectives in the mission statement are the means to achieve the organization’s goal, (Basu, nd.). In this essay, I will compare the company’s’ mission statements of TDIndustries

Technology in Oncology Nursing Free Essays

Information technology has made improvements to patient safety. Access to patient information and records that is needed to develop and implement the plan of care can be obtained immediately at the bedside because of technology such as pagers and wireless devices. In some facilities, alerts are produced as â€Å"triggers† for patient safety concerns such as adverse drug reactions or abnormal laboratory’ data. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology in Oncology Nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now These alerts are beneficial in oncology nursing as the nurse is warned of low blood counts or kidney functions before administering chemotherapy. Interdisciplinary communication has become ore convenient, especially in the case of an emergency because of technology advancements (Bake et al. , 2004). Therefore, the provider can be notified immediately of an adverse reaction to a chemotherapy agent for example. Use of technology is proving to be more efficient through research in the nursing practice. Patient data collected on paper contains a higher number of entry errors, higher costs, and more time spent on reviewing the data when compared to electronic methods. The nurse can quickly assess patient data such laboratory result, obtain a new physician order, and discuss t with the patient without ever leaving the bedside. The nurse is allowed an increase in autonomy because of these advancement methods (Hardwire, Paid, Delano, 2007). Autonomy is critical for an outpatient oncology setting. The patient’s care is under the direction of the nurse and in the case of a reaction event quick, efficient decisions must be made for the well-being of the patient. In addition to safety and efficiency, technology has aided in the patient-centered focus of the nursing practice. Practitioners are more likely to follow the standard of care with fewer variations when informatics is seed. In turn, better patient outcomes are likely to follow. When a standard of care is used, the nurse can better know how to educate his or her patients regarding the plan of care (Hardwire et al. , 2007). In oncology, research trials are frequently conducted to obtain more information on treatment options. Bioethics principles are incorporated into these studies for the benefit of those involved. The principles of beneficence, maleficent, justice, and autonomy are discussed. Beneficence declares that research should not cause harm (maleficent) to participants, but are instead intended to benefit he participant and others (Polio Beck, 2012). In other words, the oncology patient may undergo a chemotherapy study without being harmed in order to draw a conclusion on the benefits of the treatment for the future. The patient is able to withdraw participation in the study at any time (Polio Beck, 2012). Information technology has impacted this principle due to the increases in safety measures previously discussed by Bake et al (2004). Justice provides the patient with privacy acts and fairness in the trial selection (Polio Beck, 2012). Information technology can be incorporated into this principal since practitioners are more likely to follow the standards of the trial for participant selection when informatics is used instead of selecting a vulnerable population. Therefore, better patient outcomes are likely to follow (Hardwire et al. , 2007). Lastly, autonomy for the patient could be altered by information technology. Researchers may collect data through electronic means without the knowledge or consent of the subjects. How to cite Technology in Oncology Nursing, Essays

Jfk Cuban Missile Crisis free essay sample

The speech made people aware that action was being taken to prevent any unexpected attacks and that every aspect of the crisis was being looked into. The speech itself upset many Americans and put them into a state of fear, but it also reassured them that Kennedy was aware and ready to take control to protect his country. Kennedy’s impact on the United States was not as remembered for what he did, but more for what he could have done. This particular speech helps illustrate the greater aspects of American history and shows why we are still a united nation. The Kennedy family had a passion for success. The public attention and fame that the family possessed came from â€Å"personal wealth and politics. † (Gale, 1994. Biography In Context) John Kennedy’s father, Joseph P. Kennedy, was ambassador of the United States and the United Kingdom. His wife, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, was an American philanthropist. We will write a custom essay sample on Jfk Cuban Missile Crisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The couple had nine children together, John F. Kennedy being the second oldest son. He was born on May 29, 1917. His father put a great deal of his faith into his first born, Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. , his goal being to make him president of the United States. With the family’s competitive nature, this caused a lot of rivalry between the two brothers. This issue followed them into their adult lives where â€Å"Jack,† as John was called, and his older brother both went to Choate and Harvard. Kennedy had not had a set plan for pursuing a career, but he was â€Å"certain of eventual American involvement in the expanding war. † (Gale, 1994. Biography In Context) He was assigned to Naval Intelligence in Washington when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. He was reassigned to sea duty on PT boats. On August 2, 1943, after a Japanese destroyer crashed into Kennedy’s PT-109, he was declared a â€Å"hero† by The New York Times for rescuing the surviving crew members. This story was circulated in each of Kennedy’s campaigns helping him move up as a politician. A year later his older brother, Joseph was killed while on a dangerous volunteer mission in Europe. He died instantly do to the explosion of an aircraft carrying dynamite. Kennedy’s political career really started up around this time because of his feelings of an â€Å"unnamed responsibility† to his parents, brothers, and sisters. In 1946, his father felt it was necessary to have John Kennedy take his brothers place and run for the same seat in Congress John’s grandfather â€Å"Honey Fitz† held nearly five decades earlier. (Gale, 1994. Biography In Context) Kennedy went into politics with no plan or philosophy. Even without direction in his campaign he still did win. People looked at him indifferently due to the fact that he wasn’t very involved in the debates. His health started depleting and it was obvious to the public that he was suffering from illness. He was diagnosed with Addison’s disease in 1947. It is a disease that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. He was then given only a few years to live, but when he started his cortisone treatments in 1950, his health improved along with his spirits. In the 1960 Presidential election, Kennedy defeated Richard Nixon by 12,000 votes. Kennedy began his presidency with grace and huge expectations for the nation. His inaugural speech focused on what America’s role was with the rest of the world and his obligations as â€Å"Leader of the Free World. † The Cuban Missile Crisis came about when Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that Soviets plan to support â€Å"wars of national liberation† against noncommunist regimes around the globe. Kennedy sharpened the American military’s watch on communist rebellion against the government. In April, 1961 he authorized a CIA plan to invade Cuba. The invasion failed horribly at the Bay of Pigs and the U. S. was on the edge of war when President Kennedy confronted Khrushchev about the presence of missile sites in Cuba. After two weeks they had reached a compromise: Soviets would withdraw their missiles in Cuba and the U. S. would withdraw its missiles in Turkey. The Cuban Missile Crisis speech was given on October 22, 1962 at the White House. It addressed our nation’s allies and enemies along with all American citizens. Kennedy used logos, pathos, and ethos in his address. He used logos by stating â€Å"unmistakable evidence that a series of offensive missile sites are in preparation. He let everybody know that the evidence was proven true and that no lies are coming from the address.